As implied by the section title, the concepts explored here are necessary for all other aspects of the subject.  Concepts are presented in short chapters so that the reader can more easily find the information that they seek.

Research Approach

• Reproducible Research

Introduction to R

• Installing and Running Software
• Loading Data
• R Basics

Data Adjustments

• Data Adjustments
• Transformations
• Relativizations
• Appendix 1: Order of Data Adjustments

Matrix Algebra

• Matrix Algebra Basics
• Matrix Algebra to Solve a Linear Regression
• Eigenanalysis

Distance Measures

• Properties of Distance Measures
• Common Distance Measures
• Multivariate Outlier Analysis